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Secondary lightning protection module for photovoltaic modules

Fiber and communications infrastructure knowledge brief Published 02 Sep 2025

Prepared for preliminary research by the METRA knowledge desk. Confirm optical interfaces, port or core capacity, electrical input and output, enclosure protection, thermal design and installation limits against current standards and product documentation.

A photovoltaic secondary lightning protection module (SPD) safeguards PV system components from overvoltage caused by lightning or switching surges, complementing primary lightning protection systems.

Function and Purpose

Secondary lightning protection modules, also known as surge protective devices (SPDs), are designed to protect sensitive PV system components such as inverters, combiner boxes, and monitoring equipment from transient overvoltages caused by direct or nearby lightning strikes, as well as utility switching events. Unlike primary protection, which involves air terminals and grounding to prevent direct strikes, secondary protection clamps or diverts excess voltage to ground, preventing damage to electrical and electronic components.

Key Features

Type I and II Protection: Many SPDs, such as the VARITECTOR VPU PV series, combine Type I (for direct lightning strikes) and Type II (for indirect surges) protection, making them flexible for various PV system configurations. Voltage Compatibility: Modules are available for PV generator voltages ranging from 600 V to 1,500 V, suitable for both residential and utility-scale installations. Integration with MPP Trackers: Some SPDs are designed to connect directly to 2 MPP trackers, optimizing protection for inverter inputs.

Compact Design: Modern SPDs are narrow and easy to install in string combiner boxes, minimizing space requirements.

Installation Guidelines

Placement: SPDs should be installed as close as possible to the equipment terminals using the shortest and straightest conductors to minimize voltage drop during surge events.

AC and D

C Protection: Both the DC side (solar modules to inverter) and AC side (inverter to grid) should be protected, along with control and communication circuits if applicable. Separation Distance: Type II SPDs require a minimum separation distance (typically 0. 7–1 m) from the PV array; if this distance cannot be maintained, Type I protection is recommended for DC cabling.

Compliance: SPDs must comply with EN 61643-32, UL, and IEC standards to ensure global applicability and reliable performance.

Benefits

Prevents System Failures: Reduces the risk of inverter and module damage, avoiding costly repairs and downtime. Extends System Life: Protects PV components from repeated transient overvoltages, enhancing long-term profitability.

Supports High-

Risk Locations: Effective even in high-altitude or exposed installations where lightning risk is elevated.

Conclusion

A secondary lightning protection module is essential for PV systems, especially in exposed or high-risk areas. By combining Type I and II protection, ensuring proper placement, and complying with international standards, SPDs safeguard inverters, modules, and monitoring equipment from transient overvoltages, complementing primary lightning protection systems and ensuring reliable energy production.

Secondary lightning protection module for photovoltaic modules - METRA FIBER MARKET [PDF]

Secondary lightning protection module for photovoltaic modules
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Technical note

This reference is intended for preliminary fiber and communications infrastructure research. Optical interface, fiber type, port or core capacity, electrical input and output, enclosure protection, cooling, installation limits and applicable standards must be verified for the specific project.

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