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Can a 25km optical module be used

Fiber and communications infrastructure knowledge brief Published 12 Apr 2024

Prepared for preliminary research by the METRA knowledge desk. Confirm optical interfaces, port or core capacity, electrical input and output, enclosure protection, thermal design and installation limits against current standards and product documentation.

Yes, optical modules designed for long-range single-mode fiber can reliably support transmission distances of 25 km.

Module Types and Fiber Compatibility

To achieve a 25 km reach, you need long-range optical modules such as ER (Extended Reach) or LR (Long Reach) variants, typically operating at 1310 nm or 1550 nm wavelengths over single-mode fiber (SMF). Standard short-range modules (SR) designed for multimode fiber (MMF) are limited to a few hundred meters and are unsuitable for 25 km. For example, Cisco's 100G ER-Lite QSFP28 module can reach 25 km over duplex SMF due to its advanced silicon photonics modulator.

Key Considerations

Optical Power Budget: Ensure the module's transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) power levels match the fiber's loss budget. Fiber attenuation, splices, and connectors can reduce effective distance. Chromatic Dispersion: At distances beyond 10 km, chromatic dispersion becomes a limiting factor, especially for high-speed signals like 25G or 100G.

Modules with high-quality modulators can mitigate signal distortion over 25 km. Standards Compliance: Use MSA-compliant modules to ensure compatibility with switches and routers from different vendors.

ER or L

R modules typically exceed the standard reach, but interoperability may limit distance to the standard specification if paired with other vendors' modules. Environmental Factors: For outdoor or industrial deployments, select modules rated for extended temperature ranges (-40°C to +85°C) to maintain reliability.

Practical Recommendations

Use single-mode fiber (OS2) with LC duplex connectors for long-distance links. Verify the fiber path, including patch panels, splices, and connectors, to ensure the total loss does not exceed the module's budget. For 25 km links, ER or ER-Lite modules are preferred over LR modules if the fiber quality or dispersion is a concern.

By selecting the appropriate long-range single-mode optical module and ensuring proper fiber installation, a 25 km transmission distance is achievable with stable performance.

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Can a 25km optical module be used
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Technical note

This reference is intended for preliminary fiber and communications infrastructure research. Optical interface, fiber type, port or core capacity, electrical input and output, enclosure protection, cooling, installation limits and applicable standards must be verified for the specific project.

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